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# Center for Agriculture and Food Systems

Using law and policy to build a more sustainable and just food system.

## Sitemaps

- [XML Sitemap](https://cafs.vermontlaw.edu/sitemap.xml): Contains all public & indexable URLs for this website.

## Posts

- [Urban Agriculture and Innovative Production: A Guide to Local Policy](https://cafs.vermontlaw.edu/urban-agriculture-and-innovative-production-webinar) - A CAFS webinar on “Urban Agriculture and Innovative Production: A Guide to Local Policy,” which identifies policy strategies to support urban agriculture.
- [Local Food Policy Resource Hub Explores the Law and Policy of Locally Grown Food](https://cafs.vermontlaw.edu/local-food-policy-resource-hub-explores-the-law-and-policy-of-locally-grown-food) - CAFS's Local Food Policy Resource Hub explores how local governments across the United States are shaping laws and policies to support locally grown food.
- [Summer Session Visitors Bring New Perspectives on Food and Agricultural Policy](https://cafs.vermontlaw.edu/summer-session-visitors-bring-new-perspectives-on-food-and-agricultural-policy)
- [Navigating Interactions with Law Enforcement at Farmers Markets](https://cafs.vermontlaw.edu/navigating-interactions-with-law-enforcement-at-farmers-markets) - This webinar from the Farmers Market Legal Toolkit discusses how market vendors and managers can navigate interactions with law enforcement at farmers markets.
- [Student Spotlight: Chrystal Aquino JD'27](https://cafs.vermontlaw.edu/student-spotlight-chrystal-aquino-jd27)
- [New CAFS Report Analyzes Catch Share Programs in U.S. Fisheries](https://cafs.vermontlaw.edu/new-cafs-report-analyzes-catch-share-programs-in-u-s-fisheries) - CAFS has released a new report, “Fair Shares? An Analysis of Catch Share Programs in the U.S.,” examining how catch share programs are designed and implemented across U.S. fisheries.
- [CAFS Lunch and Learn: Urban Agriculture and Local Policy](https://cafs.vermontlaw.edu/cafs-lunch-and-learn-urban-agriculture-and-local-policy) - Visiting Assistant Professor Liz Turner shares insights from the “Urban Agriculture and Innovative Production: A Guide to Local Policy,” a CAFS resource developed through her research as a CAFS fellow.
- [CAFS Report Reviews State Standards to Prevent Heat Illness Among Farmworkers](https://cafs.vermontlaw.edu/cafs-report-reviews-state-standards-to-prevent-heat-illness-among-farmworkers) - This CAFS report examines state standards that attempt to address the conditions that put agricultural workers at risk of heat-related illness.
- [Our Year in Review: July 2024 through September 2025](https://cafs.vermontlaw.edu/our-year-in-review-july-2024-through-september-2025) - Explore CAFS's 2025 Year in Review to learn how our staff, faculty, students, and partners engage in innovative and practical work that spans the food system.
- [New Guide Covers the Local Policy Landscape of Urban Agriculture and Innovative Production](https://cafs.vermontlaw.edu/new-guide-covers-the-local-policy-landscape-of-urban-agriculture-and-innovative-production) - "Urban Agriculture and Innovative Production: A Guide to Local Policy" helps city policymakers, farmers and food producers, and community organizations navigate the local policies that shape food production in U.S. cities.
- [Contracting Solutions for Public Sector Entities to Increase Local Food Purchasing](https://cafs.vermontlaw.edu/contracting-solutions-for-public-sector-entities-to-increase-local-food-purchasing) - This CAFS webinar discusses food contracting strategies to increase the amount of locally grown food served in public institutions.
- [Exploring Farm to School Legislative Trends: What Can State Policy Do for You?](https://cafs.vermontlaw.edu/exploring-farm-to-school-legislative-trends-what-can-state-policy-do-for-you) - This webinar offers a deep dive into the newly released "State Farm to School Policy Handbook: 2002–2023" and recent farm to school legislative trends.
- [Meet the 2025 CAFS Summer Honors Interns](https://cafs.vermontlaw.edu/meet-the-2025-cafs-summer-honors-interns) - Our interns are engaged in projects covering urban agriculture policy, seed industry intellectual property law, legal challenges in aquaculture, and more.
- [CAFS is Hiring: Legal and Policy Fellow](https://cafs.vermontlaw.edu/cafs-is-hiring-legal-and-policy-fellow) - CAFS is hiring for a Fellow to conduct research, supervise students, and develop legal and policy resources and tools.
- [New HFPP Guide Focuses on Distributor Contracts to Help Procurement Teams Buy More Local Food](https://cafs.vermontlaw.edu/new-hfpp-resource-on-optimizing-food-distributor-contracts-to-achieve-local-food-procurement-targets) - A new guide explores options for public sector procurement teams to optimize their contracts with food distributors to support local food goals.
- [CAFS Alumni Spotlight: Esther Akwii LLM’20](https://cafs.vermontlaw.edu/cafs-alumni-spotlight-esther-akwii-llm20) - As an LLM Fellow at the Center for Agriculture and Food Systems (CAFS), she helped to pilot a range of CAFS projects in partnership with organizations across the U.S.
- [New Policy Report Scrutinizes the State of New England Prison Food](https://cafs.vermontlaw.edu/new-policy-report-scrutinizes-the-state-of-new-england-prison-food) - The resource offers recommendations for advocates and policymakers to ensure nutritious and safe meals while improving how prison food is sourced and served.
- [Meet the CAFS 2024 Summer Honors Interns](https://cafs.vermontlaw.edu/meet-the-cafs-2024-summer-honors-interns) - The Summer Honors Internship Program at CAFS gives students the opportunity to work alongside faculty/staff and project partners on agriculture and food systems law and policy issues.
- [Vermont Law and Graduate School Appoints Emma Scott as Director of the Food and Agriculture Clinic](https://cafs.vermontlaw.edu/vermont-law-and-graduate-school-appoints-emma-scott-as-director-of-the-food-and-agriculture-clinic) - Emma Scott joins CAFS as the director of the Food and Agriculture Clinic at Vermont Law and Graduate School (VLGS)
- [Laurie Beyranevand Awarded Pescosolido Professorship of Food and Agricultural Law and Policy](https://cafs.vermontlaw.edu/laurie-beyranevand-awarded-pescosolido-professorship-of-food-and-agricultural-law-and-policy) - Laurie Beyranevand announced Vermont Law & Graduate School's first-ever named professorship, the Pescosolido Professorship of Food and Agricultural Law and Policy.
- [New Resource Launch: State Farm to School Policy Handbook and Database: 2002-2023](https://cafs.vermontlaw.edu/new-resource-state-farm-to-school-policy-handbook-and-database-2002-2023) - CAFS releases the latest edition of the State Farm to School Policy Handbook: 2002-2023, a comprehensive resource analyzing farm to school across the U.S.
- [New Legal Guide Helps Grain Farmers and Processors Navigate Food Safety Regulations](https://cafs.vermontlaw.edu/new-legal-guide-helps-grain-farmers-and-processors-navigate-food-safety-regulations) - A guide that empowers grain farmers, processors, and food manufacturers to understand and comply with federal food safety laws.
- [New Report Exposes Significant Gaps in U.S. Seafood Fraud Oversight](https://cafs.vermontlaw.edu/new-report-exposes-significant-gaps-in-u-s-seafood-fraud-oversight) - CAFS report outlines the widespread issue of seafood fraud in the US and its implications for policy across the globe.
- [Report Exposes Dire Lack of Legal Protections for Farmworkers Threatened by Heat Exposure and Pesticide Poisoning](https://cafs.vermontlaw.edu/report-exposes-dire-lack-of-legal-protections-for-farmworkers-threatened-by-heat-exposure-and-pesticide-poisoning) - A new report the Center for Agriculture and Food Systems (CAFS) reveals dangerous gaps in labor protections that put the health of agricultural workers at risk.
- [New “Labels Unwrapped” Website Breaks Down the Confusing Laws Behind Food Labels](https://cafs.vermontlaw.edu/new-labels-unwrapped-website-breaks-down-the-confusing-laws-behind-food-labels) - A project of Vermont Law School’s Center for Agriculture and Food Systems, “Labels Unwrapped” empowers consumers to make more informed food choices.
- [Policymakers Should Not Rely on Manure Biogas to Curb Greenhouse Gases, Says New Report](https://cafs.vermontlaw.edu/policymakers-should-not-rely-on-manure-biogas-to-curb-greenhouse-gases-says-new-report) - Climate mitigation efforts must consider both environmental justice impacts and total emissions before relying on manure biogas to reduce livestock agriculture impact.
- [New Report Exposes Significant Gaps in Pesticide Safety Regulation Enforcement, Impact on Farmworkers](https://cafs.vermontlaw.edu/new-report-exposes-significant-gaps-in-pesticide-safety-regulation-enforcement-impact-on-farmworkers) - Collaboration between CAFS and Farmworker Justice identifies a complex system of enforcement that lacks the capacity to effectively protect farmworkers
- [Food Law Leaders Call for Systems Change through 2023 Farm Bill](https://cafs.vermontlaw.edu/food-law-leaders-call-for-systems-change-through-2023-farm-bill) - The Farm Bill Law Enterprise (FBLE) published five reports that seek to infuse new ideas and amplify calls to action ahead of negotiations for the next farm bill.
- [Compliance Shortfalls Mean Pesticide Risks For Farmworkers, New Report Says](https://cafs.vermontlaw.edu/compliance-shortfalls-mean-pesticide-risks-for-farmworkers-new-report-says) - Compliance with workplace safety requirements for farmworkers who are exposed to dangerous pesticides is lacking, according to a new report from CAFS.
- [Farmers Face Steep Challenges in USDA Farm Loan Appeals Process, Report Says](https://cafs.vermontlaw.edu/farmers-face-steep-challenges-in-usda-farm-loan-appeals-process-report-says) - The report analyzes National Appeals Division cases concerning direct farm ownership and farm operating loans between January 2009 and July 2022.
- [Community Land Trust 101: A Beginner's Guide](https://cafs.vermontlaw.edu/community-land-trust-101-a-beginners-guide) - A beginner's guide on setting up and managing Community Land Trusts.

## Pages

- [Home](https://cafs.vermontlaw.edu/) - Using law and policy to build a more sustainable and just food system.
- [Job Openings](https://cafs.vermontlaw.edu/about/job-openings) - Current employment opportunities with the Center for Agriculture and Food Systems at Vermont Law and Graduate School.
- [Faculty & Staff](https://cafs.vermontlaw.edu/about/faculty-staff) - Get to know CAFS staff and faculty members.
- [About](https://cafs.vermontlaw.edu/about) - CAFS equips students with professional expertise, provides law and policy support, and creates resources to cultivate a just agriculture and food system.
- [News](https://cafs.vermontlaw.edu/news) - Explore past news and resources from CAFS.
- [Contact](https://cafs.vermontlaw.edu/about/contact) - Contact CAFS to connect with experts in agriculture and food system law. We develop legal resources and counsel for stakeholders and organizations nationwide.
- [Alumni Profiles](https://cafs.vermontlaw.edu/about/alumni-profiles) - Learn more about how some of our alumni are putting their food and agricultural law and policy expertise to use.
- [Academics](https://cafs.vermontlaw.edu/academics) - CAFS offers a comprehensive food and agriculture law and policy program at Vermont Law & Graduate School, including our Food and Agriculture Clinic.
- [Projects](https://cafs.vermontlaw.edu/projects) - The Center for Agriculture and Food Systems develops tools and resources in partnership with food and agricultural stakeholders across the country.
- [Privacy Policy](https://cafs.vermontlaw.edu/privacy-policy) - What information does CAFS collect and how is it used?
- [Resource Library](https://cafs.vermontlaw.edu/resource-library) - Law and policy resources to cultivate a sustainable and just food system.

## Authors

- [Seth Israel](https://cafs.vermontlaw.edu/authors/seth-israel)
- [Grace McGuire](https://cafs.vermontlaw.edu/authors/grace-mcguire)
- [Andrew Hockenberry](https://cafs.vermontlaw.edu/authors/andrew-hockenberry)
- [Johanna Silva](https://cafs.vermontlaw.edu/authors/johanna-silva)
- [Wendy Chen](https://cafs.vermontlaw.edu/authors/wendy-chen)
- [Lindsey Connolly](https://cafs.vermontlaw.edu/authors/lindsey-connolly)
- [Christina Reiter](https://cafs.vermontlaw.edu/authors/christina-reiter)
- [Emily Spiegel](https://cafs.vermontlaw.edu/authors/emily-spiegel)
- [Margaret Kaniecki](https://cafs.vermontlaw.edu/authors/margaret-kaniecki)
- [Emily Starobin](https://cafs.vermontlaw.edu/authors/emily-starobin)
- [Laura Ataa Agyekumhene](https://cafs.vermontlaw.edu/authors/laura-ataa-agyekumhene)
- [Liz Turner](https://cafs.vermontlaw.edu/authors/liz-turner)
- [Raina Goldstein Bunnag](https://cafs.vermontlaw.edu/authors/raina-goldstein-bunnag-mfalp-24)
- [Julia Wickham](https://cafs.vermontlaw.edu/authors/julia-wickham)
- [Aija Zamurs](https://cafs.vermontlaw.edu/authors/aija-zamurs)
- [Josephine Pechous](https://cafs.vermontlaw.edu/authors/josephine-pechous)
- [Marnie Avila Alvarez](https://cafs.vermontlaw.edu/authors/marnie-avila-alvarez-llm-23)
- [Matthew Ellison](https://cafs.vermontlaw.edu/authors/matthew-ellison-llm-23)
- [Will Fridlund](https://cafs.vermontlaw.edu/authors/will-fridlund)
- [Cassandra Bull](https://cafs.vermontlaw.edu/authors/cassandra-bull)
- [Amanda Karls](https://cafs.vermontlaw.edu/authors/amanda-karls)
- [Sarah Munger](https://cafs.vermontlaw.edu/authors/sarah-munger)
- [Jessica Grubesic](https://cafs.vermontlaw.edu/authors/jessica-grubesic)
- [Emily Murphy](https://cafs.vermontlaw.edu/authors/emily-murphy)
- [Erica Morrell](https://cafs.vermontlaw.edu/authors/erica-morrell)
- [Sally Mancini](https://cafs.vermontlaw.edu/authors/sally-mancini)
- [Kristen Cooksey Stowers](https://cafs.vermontlaw.edu/authors/kristen-cooksey-stowers)
- [Carrie (Scrufari) James](https://cafs.vermontlaw.edu/authors/carrie-scrufari-james)
- [Ross Daniels](https://cafs.vermontlaw.edu/authors/ross-daniels)
- [Rachel Armstrong](https://cafs.vermontlaw.edu/authors/rachel-armstrong)
- [Jeff Diamond](https://cafs.vermontlaw.edu/authors/jeff-diamond)
- [Logan Keen](https://cafs.vermontlaw.edu/authors/logan-keen)
- [Ashley Monti](https://cafs.vermontlaw.edu/authors/ashley-monti)
- [Prashasti Bhatnagar](https://cafs.vermontlaw.edu/authors/prashasti-bhatnagar)
- [Mackenzie Battle](https://cafs.vermontlaw.edu/authors/mackenzie-battle)
- [Sarah Danly](https://cafs.vermontlaw.edu/authors/sarah-danly)
- [Rebecca Hare](https://cafs.vermontlaw.edu/authors/rebecca-hare)
- [Ellen Griswold](https://cafs.vermontlaw.edu/authors/ellen-griswold)
- [Jamie Renner](https://cafs.vermontlaw.edu/authors/jamie-renner)
- [Kara Shannon](https://cafs.vermontlaw.edu/authors/kara-shannon)
- [Whitney Shields](https://cafs.vermontlaw.edu/authors/whitney-shields)
- [Joshua Galperin](https://cafs.vermontlaw.edu/authors/joshua-galperin)
- [Aurora Moses](https://cafs.vermontlaw.edu/authors/aurora-moses)
- [Cameron Briggs Ramos](https://cafs.vermontlaw.edu/authors/cameron-briggs-ramos)
- [Katherine Oaks](https://cafs.vermontlaw.edu/authors/katherine-oaks)
- [Peter Allison](https://cafs.vermontlaw.edu/authors/peter-allison)
- [Alyssa Hartman](https://cafs.vermontlaw.edu/authors/alyssa-hartman)
- [Mackenzie Landa](https://cafs.vermontlaw.edu/authors/mackenzie-landa)
- [Olivia Guarna](https://cafs.vermontlaw.edu/authors/olivia-guarna)
- [Robert Martin](https://cafs.vermontlaw.edu/authors/robert-martin)
- [Anna Aspenson](https://cafs.vermontlaw.edu/authors/anna-aspenson)
- [Sarah Goldman](https://cafs.vermontlaw.edu/authors/sarah-goldman)
- [Francine Miller](https://cafs.vermontlaw.edu/authors/francine-miller)
- [Alexandra Smith](https://cafs.vermontlaw.edu/authors/alexandra-smith)
- [Julia Nitsche](https://cafs.vermontlaw.edu/authors/julia-nitsche)
- [Ludovica Brown](https://cafs.vermontlaw.edu/authors/ludovica-brown)
- [Ruthie Lazenby](https://cafs.vermontlaw.edu/authors/ruthie-lazenby)
- [Jude Lee](https://cafs.vermontlaw.edu/authors/jude-lee)
- [Rebecca Valentine](https://cafs.vermontlaw.edu/authors/rebecca-valentine)
- [Amber Leasure-Earnhardt](https://cafs.vermontlaw.edu/authors/amber-leasure-earnhardt)
- [Emily Whittier](https://cafs.vermontlaw.edu/authors/emily-whittier)
- [Janine Salameh](https://cafs.vermontlaw.edu/authors/janine-salameh)
- [Matthew Giguere](https://cafs.vermontlaw.edu/authors/matthew-giguere)
- [Rebecca Bermudez](https://cafs.vermontlaw.edu/authors/rebecca-bermudez)
- [Lihlani Nelson](https://cafs.vermontlaw.edu/authors/lihlani-nelson)
- [Suzanne Kelley](https://cafs.vermontlaw.edu/authors/suzanne-kelley)
- [Alexandra Spring](https://cafs.vermontlaw.edu/authors/alexandra-spring)
- [Emma Scott](https://cafs.vermontlaw.edu/authors/emma-scott)
- [Gray Norton](https://cafs.vermontlaw.edu/authors/gray-norton)
- [Laurie Ristino](https://cafs.vermontlaw.edu/authors/laurie-ristino)
- [Margot Pollans](https://cafs.vermontlaw.edu/authors/margot-pollans)
- [Shaun Goho](https://cafs.vermontlaw.edu/authors/shaun-goho)
- [D. Lee Miller](https://cafs.vermontlaw.edu/authors/d-lee-miller)
- [Gordon Merrick](https://cafs.vermontlaw.edu/authors/gordon-merrick)
- [Laurie Beyranevand](https://cafs.vermontlaw.edu/authors/laurie-beyranevand)
- [Margaret Rossano](https://cafs.vermontlaw.edu/authors/margaret-rossano)
- [Shaune Hickson](https://cafs.vermontlaw.edu/authors/shaune-hickson)
- [Genevieve Byrne](https://cafs.vermontlaw.edu/authors/genevieve-byrne)
- [Olivia Burton](https://cafs.vermontlaw.edu/authors/olivia-burton)
- [Cydnee Bence](https://cafs.vermontlaw.edu/authors/cydnee-bence)
- [Erika Dunyak](https://cafs.vermontlaw.edu/authors/erika-dunyak)
- [Jess Phelps](https://cafs.vermontlaw.edu/authors/jess-phelps)
- [Shawn Peterson](https://cafs.vermontlaw.edu/authors/shawn-peterson)
- [Sophia Kruszewski](https://cafs.vermontlaw.edu/authors/sophia-kruszewski)
- [Molly Carey](https://cafs.vermontlaw.edu/authors/molly-carey)
- [Emily Broad Leib](https://cafs.vermontlaw.edu/authors/emily-broad-leib)
- [Lisa McKeag](https://cafs.vermontlaw.edu/authors/lisa-mckeag)
- [Esther Akwii](https://cafs.vermontlaw.edu/authors/esther-akwii)
- [Tala DiBenedetto](https://cafs.vermontlaw.edu/authors/tala-dibenedetto)
- [Danielle Haley](https://cafs.vermontlaw.edu/authors/danielle-haley)
- [Andrew Norkiewicz](https://cafs.vermontlaw.edu/authors/andrew-norkiewicz)
- [Renner Walker](https://cafs.vermontlaw.edu/authors/renner-walker)
- [Jenileigh Harris](https://cafs.vermontlaw.edu/authors/jenileigh-harris)
- [Emma Clippinger](https://cafs.vermontlaw.edu/authors/emma-clippinger)
- [Elizabeth Newbold](https://cafs.vermontlaw.edu/authors/elizabeth-newbold)
- [Hannah Andrew](https://cafs.vermontlaw.edu/authors/hannah-andrew)
- [Andrew Marchev](https://cafs.vermontlaw.edu/authors/andrew-marchev)
- [Claire Child](https://cafs.vermontlaw.edu/authors/claire-child)

## Projects

- [Local Food Policy Resource Hub](https://cafs.vermontlaw.edu/projects/local-food-policy-resource-hub)
- [Seafood Law and Policy Project](https://cafs.vermontlaw.edu/projects/seafood-law-and-policy-project) - Providing legal analysis of the laws and regulations governing wild-capture and aquaculture seafood.
- [Urban Agriculture and Innovative Production Policy Project](https://cafs.vermontlaw.edu/projects/urban-agriculture-and-innovative-production) - Navigating the complex landscape of local policy to help producers and policymakers better support urban food production.
- [Rural Workforce Law and Policy Project](https://cafs.vermontlaw.edu/projects/rural-workforce-law-and-policy-project) - Exposing gaps in law and policy that affect the health, safety, and dignity of workers throughout the food system.
- [Farmers Market Legal Toolkit](https://cafs.vermontlaw.edu/projects/farmers-market-legal-toolkit) - Creating legal resources to support resilient and accessible farmers markets.
- [Farm and Energy Initiative](https://cafs.vermontlaw.edu/projects/farm-and-energy-initiative) - Examining legal and practical issues at the intersection of energy and agriculture with the goal of improving agricultural energy management nationwide.
- [Extension Legal Services Initiative](https://cafs.vermontlaw.edu/projects/extension-legal-services-initiative) - Answering farmers’ and food producers’ pressing legal questions about food safety compliance.
- [Healthy Food Policy Project](https://cafs.vermontlaw.edu/projects/healthy-food-policy-project) - Identifying and elevating local and state policy resources to increase access to healthy food.
- [National Gleaning Project](https://cafs.vermontlaw.edu/projects/national-gleaning-project) - Supporting with legal and policy research a network of organizations that combat food waste and redistribute food to communities that need it.
- [Labels Unwrapped](https://cafs.vermontlaw.edu/projects/labels-unwrapped) - Enabling consumers to navigate food label laws and make informed food purchasing decisions.
- [Institutional Food Procurement Policy Project](https://cafs.vermontlaw.edu/projects/institutional-food-procurement-policy-project) - Analyzing food purchasing policy to advance nutritious, sustainably grown, and culturally relevant foods in schools, prisons, and other institutions.
- [Growing Biodiversity](https://cafs.vermontlaw.edu/projects/growing-biodiversity) - Providing resources to preserve agricultural biodiversity, including beneficial insects and publicly accessible crop varieties.
- [Food Systems Resilience](https://cafs.vermontlaw.edu/projects/food-systems-resilience) - Strengthening agricultural systems against the impacts of climate change by identifying policy and supporting equity-centered food systems resilience.
- [Farmland Access Legal Toolkit](https://cafs.vermontlaw.edu/projects/farmland-access-legal-toolkit) - Helping farmers and landowners affordably access, retain, transfer, and conserve farmland.
- [Blueprint for a National Food Strategy](https://cafs.vermontlaw.edu/projects/blueprint-for-a-national-food-strategy) - Examining the need for a cohesive national approach to food system regulation through legal and scholarly research.

## Resources

- [Local Food Policy Resource Library](https://cafs.vermontlaw.edu/resource-library/local-food-policy-resource-library) - This curated collection of resources includes reports, guides, and other publications that analyze or inform local and regional food systems law and policy.
- [Local Food Policy Database](https://cafs.vermontlaw.edu/resource-library/local-food-policy-database) - This database includes more than 1,400 policies passed at the local and state level from across the United States related to local and regional food systems.
- [Policy Technical Assistance Lab](https://cafs.vermontlaw.edu/resource-library/policy-technical-assistance-lab) - This technical assistance lab provides law and policy expertise to communities and organizations engaged with local and regional food systems policies.
- [Heirs’ Property: Understanding the Legal Issues by State](https://cafs.vermontlaw.edu/resource-library/heirs-property-state-factsheets) - Factsheets that aim to prevent the loss of land owned as heirs’ property in specific states.
- [City Chickens and Backyard Bees](https://cafs.vermontlaw.edu/resource-library/city-chickens-and-backyard-bees) - This case study explores how Detroit’s new animal keeping ordinance supports urban agriculture by resolving a legal gray area around backyard animal keeping.
- [Connecting Growers with City Government](https://cafs.vermontlaw.edu/resource-library/connecting-growers-with-city-government) - New Orleans is showing how a dedicated point of contact within city government can help farmers while keeping urban agriculture a city government priority.
- [Energizing Agriculture](https://cafs.vermontlaw.edu/resource-library/energizing-agriculture) - How beneficial electrification in agriculture fosters a robust electric grid, reduces greenhouse gas emissions, and cuts energy costs.
- [Urban Agriculture and Innovative Production](https://cafs.vermontlaw.edu/resource-library/urban-agriculture-and-innovative-production-a-guide-to-local-policy) - This guide highlights how local governments across the U.S. are shaping laws and regulations that impact urban farms and innovative food producers.
- [Farming Without Permission](https://cafs.vermontlaw.edu/resource-library/farming-without-permission) - This case study examines how Philadelphia’s urban agriculture community successfully reformed Pennsylvania’s adverse possession law to help gardeners secure title to land.
- [Fair Shares?](https://cafs.vermontlaw.edu/resource-library/fair-shares) - This report discusses some of the challenges of catch share programs in U.S. fisheries and their impacts on coastal communities.
- [Seafood Fraud](https://cafs.vermontlaw.edu/resource-library/seafood-fraud) - Examine the legal framework for preventing seafood fraud, with recommendations for policymakers to address the issue domestically and internationally.
- [The Minneapolis Staple Foods Ordinance](https://cafs.vermontlaw.edu/resource-library/the-minneapolis-staple-foods-ordinance) - Explore the Minneapolis Staple Foods Ordinance, which mandates grocery stores to stock a minimum level of staple foods with specific category requirements.
- [2020 Gleaning Census](https://cafs.vermontlaw.edu/resource-library/2020-gleaning-census) - This report gathers data from gleaning organizations across the U.S. to understand their strengths, struggles, and needs.
- [State Incentives to Clear Title and Facilitate Property Transfer](https://cafs.vermontlaw.edu/resource-library/state-incentives-to-clear-title-and-facilitate-property-transfer) - This case study assesses how Vermont property owners prevent and resolve clouded title and heirs’ property.
- [Preventing Heat Illness in Agricultural Settings](https://cafs.vermontlaw.edu/resource-library/preventing-heat-illness-in-agricultural-settings) - This resource examines state heat illness prevention rules that attempt to address the conditions that put farmworkers at risk of heat-related stress.
- [Optimizing Food Distributor Contracts to Achieve Local Food Procurement Targets](https://cafs.vermontlaw.edu/resource-library/optimizing-food-distributor-contracts-to-achieve-local-food-procurement-targets) - This guide offers procurement teams strategies to adjust their contracting processes with food distributors to support state policy local food targets.
- [Innovative Production](https://cafs.vermontlaw.edu/resource-library/innovative-production) - This fact sheet distills the information in the Innovative Production section of “Urban Agriculture and Innovative Production: A Guide to Local Policy” into key takeaways for producers and policymakers.
- [Soil Health and Composting](https://cafs.vermontlaw.edu/resource-library/soil-health) - This fact sheet distills the information in the Soil Health and Composting section of “Urban Agriculture and Innovative Production: A Guide to Local Policy” into key takeaways for producers and policymakers.
- [Water Access](https://cafs.vermontlaw.edu/resource-library/water-access) - This fact sheet distills the information in the Water Access section of “Urban Agriculture and Innovative Production: A Guide to Local Policy” into key takeaways for producers and policymakers.
- [City Governance and Public Funding](https://cafs.vermontlaw.edu/resource-library/city-governance-and-public-funding) - This fact sheet distills the information in the City Governance and Public Funding section of “Urban Agriculture and Innovative Production: A Guide to Local Policy” into key takeaways for producers and policymakers.
- [Zoning and Land Use](https://cafs.vermontlaw.edu/resource-library/zoning-and-land-use) - This fact sheet distills the information in the Zoning and Land Use section of “Urban Agriculture and Innovative Production: A Guide to Local Policy” into key takeaways for producers and policymakers.
- [Land Access](https://cafs.vermontlaw.edu/resource-library/land-access) - This fact sheet distills the information in the Land Access section of “Urban Agriculture and Innovative Production: A Guide to Local Policy” into key takeaways for producers and policymakers.
- [Are Fair Labor Labels Trustworthy?](https://cafs.vermontlaw.edu/resource-library/are-fair-labor-labels-trustworthy) - This issue brief analyzes prominent fair labor certification programs to help consumers understand the standards these programs impose on food producers.
- [Zoning for Urban Agriculture](https://cafs.vermontlaw.edu/resource-library/zoning-for-urban-agriculture) - Explore examples from cities nationwide on how zoning can support urban agriculture, with action steps to improve zoning laws for better support.
- [Farm to School Policy Case Study: Arizona H.B. 2518](https://cafs.vermontlaw.edu/resource-library/farm-to-school-policy-case-study-arizona-h-b-2518) - Discover how Arizona’s H.B. 2518 enables schools to serve garden-grown produce by creating a statewide food safety certification for school gardens.
- [Seeds for Rent](https://cafs.vermontlaw.edu/resource-library/seeds-for-rent-the-farmers-guide-to-technology-use-agreements) - Explains the fine print in technology use agreements—contracts that farmers sign with seed companies to purchase and use their seeds.
- [Rethinking Manure Biogas](https://cafs.vermontlaw.edu/resource-library/rethinking-manure-biogas) - Analyze the role of manure biogas in climate mitigation, focusing on environmental justice impacts and how policymakers can ensure an equitable climate future.
- [Reorganizing a Farm Business with Chapter 12 of the Bankruptcy Code](https://cafs.vermontlaw.edu/resource-library/reorganizing-a-farm-business-with-chapter-12-of-the-bankruptcy-code) - Learn how Chapter 12 of the Bankruptcy Code helps farmers restructure debt, change production models, or transition their farm to the next generation.
- [Managed Rotational Grazing Policies](https://cafs.vermontlaw.edu/resource-library/managed-rotational-grazing-policies) - Explore how farm bill programs can promote managed rotational grazing, a climate-friendly alternative to industrial livestock production.
- [Legal Trends for Farm and Food Operations in the New England Region](https://cafs.vermontlaw.edu/resource-library/legal-trends-for-farm-and-food-operations-in-the-new-england-region) - Analyzes cases from the Legal Food Hub and use an online resource library to identify regional legal trends, connecting them to national findings on food law.
- [Farm Animal Welfare Certification Guide](https://cafs.vermontlaw.edu/resource-library/farm-animal-welfare-certification-guide) - A guide for farmers and food producers on welfare-certified farming practices, humane treatment of animals, transparency, and sustainable food production.
- [What is Food Policy?](https://cafs.vermontlaw.edu/resource-library/what-is-food-policy) - This resource provides an overview of local, state, and federal laws and regulations that impact every sector of the food system.
- [The 2023 Farm Bill: FBLE Recommendations Overview](https://cafs.vermontlaw.edu/resource-library/the-2023-farm-bill-fble-recommendations) - This resource outlines 2023 recommendations to address climate change, strengthen the food system, advance equity, and improve access to nutritious food.
- [Productivity and Risk Management](https://cafs.vermontlaw.edu/resource-library/productivity-and-risk-management) - Explore goals and recommendations for the 2018 Farm Bill, focusing on commodities, conservation, and crop insurance to support farmer livelihoods and natural resource health.
- [Farm Viability](https://cafs.vermontlaw.edu/resource-library/farm-viability) - This report outlines recommendations for the next farm bill to overcome barriers and promote a diverse rural economy with key legislative opportunities.
- [Farm & Food Law: A Guide for Lawyers in the Legal Food Hub](https://cafs.vermontlaw.edu/resource-library/farm-and-food-law-guide-for-lawyers) - This guide offers legal information to help attorneys, support small-scale farmers, food entrepreneurs, and related community organizations in Vermont.
- [Equity in Agricultural Production & Governance](https://cafs.vermontlaw.edu/resource-library/equity-in-agricultural-production-governance) - This report outlines ways the farm bill can reform USDA governance, farm support, land access, and invest in education to promote equity in agriculture.
- [Defining Local Food](https://cafs.vermontlaw.edu/resource-library/defining-local-food) - This report explores legal definitions of "local" food in state laws, promoting agricultural products, and includes a 50-state scan of "local food" definitions.
- [Defining and Regulating Agritourism](https://cafs.vermontlaw.edu/resource-library/defining-and-regulating-agritourism) - Comparative analysis of state legislative approaches to agritourism, including liability, zoning, funding, taxation, licensing, and definitions of agritourism.
- [Building Resilient Local Meat Supply Chains](https://cafs.vermontlaw.edu/resource-library/building-resilient-local-meat-supply-chains) - An overview of the federal and state policy landscape for meat inspections as they relate to on-farm slaughter practices and outlines policy considerations.
- [Appealing for Relief](https://cafs.vermontlaw.edu/resource-library/appealing-for-relief) - This report finds that farmers denied federal direct farm operating and ownership loans won only 17 percent of appeals and examines the basis for those denials.
- [Addressing Consolidation in Agriculture](https://cafs.vermontlaw.edu/resource-library/addressing-consolidation-in-agriculture) - This issue brief analyzes USDA’s response to “Promoting Competition in the American Economy” Executive Order and how it follows the president’s directive.
- [A Working Guide to Current Use Taxation for Agricultural Lands](https://cafs.vermontlaw.edu/resource-library/a-working-guide-to-current-use-taxation-for-agricultural-lands)
- [A Guide for Food Hubs on Food Safety Compliance](https://cafs.vermontlaw.edu/resource-library/a-guide-for-food-hubs-on-food-safety-compliance) - This guide outlines the legal landscape for food hub decisionmakers looking to build food safety compliance and risk management strategies.
- [The National Gleaning Project Guide to the Online Gleaning Resources Hub](https://cafs.vermontlaw.edu/resource-library/the-national-gleaning-project-guide-to-the-online-gleaning-resources-hub) - This guide covers national and state laws on gleaning and food donation, regional food recovery organizations, and additional related resources.
- [Reducing Food Insecurity and Food Waste Improving the National Framework to Support Gleaning Operations](https://cafs.vermontlaw.edu/resource-library/reducing-food-insecurity-and-food-waste-improving-the-national-framework-to-support-gleaning-operations) - This report recommends programs and policies that would increase fresh food donations from gleaning organizations to nonprofit distributors.
- [Models for Success: A Set of Case Studies Examining Gleaning Efforts across the United States](https://cafs.vermontlaw.edu/resource-library/models-for-success) - This report highlights U.S. gleaning and food recovery organizations, showcasing innovative models, collaborations, and initiatives in fresh food recovery.
- [Gleaning Organizations and Value-Added Products](https://cafs.vermontlaw.edu/resource-library/gleaning-organizations-and-value-added-products) - This guide helps gleaning organizations manage food safety liability risks in value-added production, focusing on federal obligations and protections under the Good Samaritan Act.
- [Legal Questions & Answers: Liability for Gleaning Organizations](https://cafs.vermontlaw.edu/resource-library/legal-questions-answers-liability-for-gleaning-organizations) - Helping gleaning organizations manage legal risks and liabilities to protect their organization by answering some of the most common liability questions.
- [Legal Questions & Answers: Tax Incentives and Food Donation for Gleaning Organizations](https://cafs.vermontlaw.edu/resource-library/legal-questions-answers-tax-incentives-and-food-donation-for-gleaning-organizations) - This guide describes state and federal tax incentives for farmers and producers that work with gleaning and food recovery organizations.
- [Legal Questions & Answers: Volunteers in Gleaning](https://cafs.vermontlaw.edu/resource-library/legal-questions-answers-volunteers-in-gleaning) - Learn about employment laws for gleaning organizations to ensure proper volunteer classification and reduce the risk of labor law violations.
- [Farmers Market Legal Toolkit Resource Companion](https://cafs.vermontlaw.edu/resource-library/farmers-market-legal-toolkit-resource-companion) - Legal resources for market leaders on business structures, SNAP benefits, risk management, plus tools like a Safety Checklist and Incident Report Form.
- [Employment Classification for Farmers Market Managers](https://cafs.vermontlaw.edu/resource-library/employment-classification-for-farmers-market-managers) - This resource provides an overview of why classification matters for federal and state employment, tax, and insurance law.
- [FSMA Supply Chain Program Requirements for Processors and Their Produce Suppliers](https://cafs.vermontlaw.edu/resource-library/fsma-supply-chain-program-requirements-for-processors-and-their-produce-suppliers) - Learn a processor’s FSMA PCHF responsibilities when working with exempt farms and mixed-type facilities, including required documentation for compliance.
- [Country of Origin Labeling](https://cafs.vermontlaw.edu/resource-library/country-of-origin-labeling) - This issue brief explores the benefits of eating locally, including improved nutrition, reduced environmental impact, and economic support for local communities.
- [Boston's Good Food Purchasing Policy, Part 2](https://cafs.vermontlaw.edu/resource-library/bostons-good-food-purchasing-policy-part-2) - This case study examines how the Boston's largest food purchaser, Boston Public Schools, has updated its procurement process according to the Good Food Purchasing Policy.
- [Where Can I Find Scientific Evidence to Support a Healthy Eating Law or Policy Idea?](https://cafs.vermontlaw.edu/resource-library/where-can-i-find-scientific-evidence-to-support-a-healthy-eating-law-or-policy-idea) - This resource lists sources that review scientific research on the effectiveness of laws and policies promoting healthy eating and access to healthy food.
- [State and Local Government Policy Options to Increase Procurement of Locally Grown Cultural Foods in Maui County, Hawai’i, and Beyond](https://cafs.vermontlaw.edu/resource-library/state-and-local-government-policy-options-to-increase-procurement-of-locally-grown-cultural-foods-in-maui-county-hawaii-and-beyond) - Explores local policy options to increase the procurement of locally grown foods that hold cultural significance.
- [Resolution for a Food Secure San Francisco](https://cafs.vermontlaw.edu/resource-library/resolution-for-a-food-secure-san-francisco) - This case study explores how San Francisco's Food Security Task Force gathered data and passed a resolution to achieve food security and a hunger-free city for residents.
- [Prince George’s County Food Equity Council](https://cafs.vermontlaw.edu/resource-library/prince-georges-county-food-equity-council) - Prince George's County Food Equity Council pursued policies to address inequities in the food system associated with food swamps and uplifting communities.
- [Local Planning and the Food System](https://cafs.vermontlaw.edu/resource-library/local-planning-and-the-food-system) - This resource explores how community planners can use tools to build local food systems, increase healthy food access, and highlights gaps and opportunities for improvement.
- [How Siler City, NC, Integrated Healthy Food Access into Pedestrian Planning](https://cafs.vermontlaw.edu/resource-library/how-siler-city-nc-integrated-healthy-food-access-into-pedestrian-planning) - Explore how Siler City integrated healthy food access into pedestrian planning, enhancing infrastructure for safer, convenient access to healthy food opportunities.
- [Land-Use Tools to Protect Pollinators](https://cafs.vermontlaw.edu/resource-library/land-use-tools-to-protect-pollinators) - Explore federal, state, and local policies to protect pollinators, improve land-use strategies, and support interventions for promoting pollinator health.
- [A Breed Apart](https://cafs.vermontlaw.edu/resource-library/a-breed-apart-preventing-patents-through-defensive-publication) - This guide is intended to aid plant breeders who want to preserve plant genetic resources outside of the patent system.
- [Title 6: Rural Development](https://cafs.vermontlaw.edu/resource-library/title-6-rural-development) - This backgrounder highlights the history, context, and content of the Farm Bill’s Rural Development Title.
- [Title 9: Energy](https://cafs.vermontlaw.edu/resource-library/energy) - The purpose of this backgrounder is to outline the history, context, and content of the farm bill’s Energy Title.
- [Title 2: Conservation](https://cafs.vermontlaw.edu/resource-library/title-2-conservation) - Reviews the history of farm bill conservation programs, highlights key issues, and examines the 2014 and 2018 Conservation Titles for the 2024 reform debate.
- [The State of Prison Food in New England](https://cafs.vermontlaw.edu/resource-library/the-state-of-prison-food-in-new-england) - Examine laws and policies shaping food in New England’s correctional facilities, with recommendations to ensure nutritious meals and improve sourcing & service.
- [Institutional Procurement of Local Food](https://cafs.vermontlaw.edu/resource-library/institutional-procurement-of-local-food) - These snapshots exploring demand-side policies in New England that support public institutions' ability to increase purchases of local food.
- [Regional Trends in New England Farm to Institution Procurement Policy](https://cafs.vermontlaw.edu/resource-library/regional-trends-in-new-england-farm-to-institution-procurement-policy) - This report compiles findings from six state snapshots and offers recommendations on how New England states can increase local food purchases by institutions.
- [New England State Local Food Procurement Policy Scan](https://cafs.vermontlaw.edu/resource-library/new-england-state-local-food-procurement-policy-scan) - Policy scan highlighting procurement policies in New England, covering local purchasing, purchase thresholds, farm-to-school programs, and food policy councils.
- [State Farm to School Policy Handbook 2002–2020](https://cafs.vermontlaw.edu/resource-library/state-farm-to-school-policy-handbook-2002-2020) - This resource analyzes Farm to School bills and resolutions introduced from 2002-2020 across all 50 states, D.C., and U.S. territories, highlighting key trends.
- [State Farm to School Policy Handbook: 2002–2023](https://cafs.vermontlaw.edu/resource-library/state-farm-to-school-policy-handbook-2002-2023) - The State Farm to School Policy Handbook summarizes and analyzes farm to school bills introduced from 2002-2023, across the United States.
- [Essentially Unprotected](https://cafs.vermontlaw.edu/resource-library/essentially-unprotected) - U.S. laws and policies leave farmworkers vulnerable to pesticide exposure and heat-related illness, with insufficient protections in these critical areas.
- [Healthy Food Policy Database](https://cafs.vermontlaw.edu/resource-library/healthy-food-policy-database) - This resource is a curated, searchable database of healthy food policies at the local level in the United States.
- [Understanding FSMA's Preventive Controls Rule](https://cafs.vermontlaw.edu/resource-library/understanding-fsmas-preventive-controls-rule) - How FSMA Preventative Controls Rules impact grain businesses, helping farmers, processors, and manufacturers comply with federal food safety laws.
- [Derechos de Vivienda y Empleo para Trabajadores Lecheros de Vermont](https://cafs.vermontlaw.edu/resource-library/derechos-de-vivienda-y-empleo-para-trabajadores-lecheros-de-vermont) - Este manual ofrece información general sobre la vivienda y los derechos laborales de los trabajadores lecheros bajo la ley federal y la ley del estado de Vermont.
- [Condiciones Precarias de protección](https://cafs.vermontlaw.edu/resource-library/condiciones-precarias-de-proteccion) - El cumplimiento del WPS debería reducir los riesgos de pesticidas para los trabajadores. Muchas granjas no cumplen con el WPS.
- [Precarious Protection](https://cafs.vermontlaw.edu/resource-library/precarious-protection) - This report examines the shortfalls related to compliance with the Worker Protection Standard and presents recommendations to improve farmworker safety.
- [Farmworker Health Policy Database](https://cafs.vermontlaw.edu/resource-library/farmworker-health-policy-database) - This database includes state laws and regulations related to pesticide and heat exposure across the country.
- [Essential and In Crisis](https://cafs.vermontlaw.edu/resource-library/essential-and-in-crisis) - This article reviews research on health threats to farmworkers and how laws, policies, and practices limit their resources and ability to fight unsafe conditions.
- [Housing and Employment Rights for Vermont Dairy Workers](https://cafs.vermontlaw.edu/resource-library/housing-and-employment-rights-for-vermont-dairy-workers) - Empowering Vermont farmworkers to understand and exercise their legal rights related to housing and employment, preventing exploitation and ensuring justice.
- [Exposed and At Risk](https://cafs.vermontlaw.edu/resource-library/exposed-and-at-risk) - Pesticide safety regulations are under-enforced due to reporting issues, a complex enforcement system, and conflicting responsibilities among enforcing bodies.
- [Energy and Equity in Cannabis Cultivation](https://cafs.vermontlaw.edu/resource-library/energy-and-equity-in-cannabis-cultivation) - Understand the equity concerns that arise in regulating the electricity consumption of indoor cannabis cultivators.
- [Policy Drafting Companion Guide](https://cafs.vermontlaw.edu/resource-library/policy-drafting-companion-guide) - This resource outlines key elements of laws and offers drafting practices for those exploring local policymaking or advocating for healthy food access policies.
- [Municipal Policy Options for Healthy Food Access in Stores and Restaurants](https://cafs.vermontlaw.edu/resource-library/municipal-policy-options-for-healthy-food-access-in-stores-and-restaurants) - This resource offers policy approaches to increase healthy food access in stores and restaurants, along with new innovations and emerging opportunities.
- [Local Government Policies to Support Food Access During the COVID-19 Pandemic: An Index](https://cafs.vermontlaw.edu/resource-library/local-government-policies-to-support-food-access-during-the-covid-19-pandemic-an-index) - This index lists policies prioritizing food access during COVID-19 and other emergencies, focusing on health and equity beyond standard non-emergency measures.
- [Municipal Policies to Support Food Access During Emergencies](https://cafs.vermontlaw.edu/resource-library/municipal-policies-to-support-food-access-during-emergencies) - This resource explores food access challenges from COVID-19 and trends in local government policies that addressed these issues, prioritizing health and equity.
- [Growing Food Where You Live](https://cafs.vermontlaw.edu/resource-library/growing-food-where-you-live) - This resource covers legal obstacles to growing food for renters and those in leased or shared communities, with examples of local laws supporting urban farming.
- [Food and Nutrition Policy at the Local Level](https://cafs.vermontlaw.edu/resource-library/food-and-nutrition-policy-at-the-local-level) - Explore recent US local government laws and executive orders on food access, nutrition security, and emerging policy trends shaping the future of food systems.
- [Drafting Definitions in Healthy Food Access Policies](https://cafs.vermontlaw.edu/resource-library/drafting-definitions-in-healthy-food-access-policies) - This guide explains why governments should define terms in new laws, covering key terms, and best practices for drafting clear definitions in local ordinances.
- [Boston’s Good Food Purchasing Policy, Part 1](https://cafs.vermontlaw.edu/resource-library/bostons-good-food-purchasing-policy) - Explore how Boston ordinances mandate city agencies to adopt a values-based procurement framework, prioritizing racial and economic justice in decision-making.
- [Food Systems Resilience](https://cafs.vermontlaw.edu/resource-library/food-systems-resilience) - This report offers policy options and a primer on strengthening food systems resilience using a food security framework for advocates and policymakers.
- [Food Systems Resilience Planning and the Climate Crisis](https://cafs.vermontlaw.edu/resource-library/food-systems-resilience-planning-and-the-climate-crisis) - This resource highlights the need for equity-centered food systems resilience in climate crisis as an essential component of climate crisis response.
- [How Fort Worth, TX, Is Using Urban Farming to Improve Healthy Food Access & Economic Development](https://cafs.vermontlaw.edu/resource-library/how-fort-worth-tx-is-using-urban-farming-to-improve-healthy-food-access-economic-development) - How Fort Worth passed an urban agriculture ordinance to allow urban farming in all zoning districts, as a way to improve access to healthy food.
- [How an Academic Partnership and Community Engagement Helped Design a Food Safety Rating System in Seattle & King County](https://cafs.vermontlaw.edu/resource-library/how-an-academic-partnership-and-community-engagement-helped-design-a-food-safety-rating-system-in-seattle-king-county) - Explore how Seattle and King County created a food safety rating system to improve inspections, address equity, and provide consumers with key information.
- [Food Access Policy Change Through Authentic Resident Engagement](https://cafs.vermontlaw.edu/resource-library/food-access-policy-change-through-authentic-resident-engagement) - This resource provides a definition of "authentic resident engagement" and describes working principles to be used throughout the policy development process.
- [Farmland Solar Policy Design Toolkit](https://cafs.vermontlaw.edu/resource-library/farmland-solar-policy-design-toolkit) - This toolkit helps lawmakers, farmers, and researchers understand and improve farmland solar policies, focusing on state laws and access to clean energy.
- [The Urgent Call for a U.S. National Food Strategy](https://cafs.vermontlaw.edu/resource-library/the-urgent-call-for-a-u-s-national-food-strategy) - Explore the need for a coordinated federal approach to food and agricultural law, reviewing domestic strategies and international food policies from 2017-2020.
- [Considerations for a Shared Vision of Vermont Soil Policy](https://cafs.vermontlaw.edu/resource-library/considerations-for-a-shared-vision-of-vermont-soil-policy) - Explore the role of state legislatures in developing healthy soils policy through community-led collaboration for improved soil health.
- [Blueprint for a National Food Strategy](https://cafs.vermontlaw.edu/resource-library/blueprint-for-a-national-food-strategy) - An overview of U.S. food system regulations and recommendations for a coordinated solution based on an analysis of selected domestic and international models.
- [Capital City Farmers Market](https://cafs.vermontlaw.edu/resource-library/capital-city-farmers-market) - See how incorporation and insurance shielded this farmers market against a trip and fall lawsuit.
- [Cresent City Farmers Market](https://cafs.vermontlaw.edu/resource-library/crescent-city-farmers-market) - Crescent City Farmers Market uses a market currency system to accommodate customers paying with credit cards, debit cards, or SNAP benefits.
- [Durham Farmers Market](https://cafs.vermontlaw.edu/resource-library/durham-farmers-market) - How Carefully Crafted Market Rules Supported a Market's Development
- [Webb City Farmers Market](https://cafs.vermontlaw.edu/resource-library/webb-city-farmers-market) - How Business Structure and Market Governance Decisions Built a Stronger Market
- [FRESHFARM Markets](https://cafs.vermontlaw.edu/resource-library/freshfarm-markets) - How proactive steps helped an organization implement a mask policy and comply with the Americans with Disability Act during the COVID-19 pandemic
- [Training Market Managers to Develop Legacy Folders](https://cafs.vermontlaw.edu/resource-library/training-market-managers-to-develop-legacy-folders) - Describes a two-year pilot program to help farmers markets create legacy folders to strengthen and support the longevity of the farmers market community.
- [State Law Companion](https://cafs.vermontlaw.edu/resource-library/state-law-companion) - This resource lists and summarizes state laws passed between January 1, 2015, and June 14, 2018, that address access to healthy food access.
- [State Policy Options to Increase Access to Healthy Food](https://cafs.vermontlaw.edu/resource-library/state-policy-options-to-increase-access-to-healthy-food) - This resource explores state policy trends on healthy food access, SNAP, food sovereignty, food recovery, healthier retail, and local food procurement.
- [Face Mask Requirements and the Americans with Disabilities Act](https://cafs.vermontlaw.edu/resource-library/face-mask-requirements-and-the-americans-with-disabilities-act)
- [Local Policy to Promote Healthy Food Access: A Food Systems Framework](https://cafs.vermontlaw.edu/resource-library/local-policy-to-promote-healthy-food-access) - Discover policy options and local laws to increase healthy food access, with examples of comprehensive plans supporting food access across the food system.
- [Authentic Resident Engagement in Action: Hartford, CT](https://cafs.vermontlaw.edu/resource-library/authentic-resident-engagement-in-action) - Learn how a community advisory coordinator in Hartford, Connecticut, showcases authentic resident engagement in promoting healthy food access.
- [Food Safety and Modernization Act Produce Safety Rule State Implementation Interactive Map](https://cafs.vermontlaw.edu/resource-library/food-safety-and-modernization-act-produce-safety-rule-state-implementation-interactive-map) - This interactive map shows each state’s produce safety program, with filters for common questions on PSR implementation, allowing side-by-side state comparisons.
- [Farmland Solar Policy State Law Database](https://cafs.vermontlaw.edu/resource-library/farmland-solar-policy-state-law-database) - This database provides examples of state laws, state agency regulations and guidance, and model laws related to farmland solar policy.
- [Using the FDA Technical Assistance Network and FOIA to Access Information About FSMA](https://cafs.vermontlaw.edu/resource-library/using-the-fda-technical-assistance-network-and-foia-to-access-information-about-fsma) - This factsheet explores considerations for making FDA Technical Assistance Network responses on FSMA compliance available to the public.
- [Understanding When a Produce Market Intermediary is Subject to FSMA](https://cafs.vermontlaw.edu/resource-library/understanding-when-a-produce-market-intermediary-is-subject-to-fsma) - This factsheet helps produce market intermediaries determine if they must register with the FDA & comply with FSMA's Preventive Controls or Produce Safety Rule.
- [Understanding the Relationship Between FDA Rules, Guidance, and Other Communications](https://cafs.vermontlaw.edu/resource-library/understanding-the-relationship-between-fda-rules-guidance-and-other-communications) - This fact sheet outlines the process for changing FSMA’s Produce Safety Rule and explains the legal effects of FDA regulations, guidance, and communications.
- [Produce Safety Rule Inspections and Third-Party Audits](https://cafs.vermontlaw.edu/resource-library/produce-safety-rule-inspections-and-third-party-audits) - This fact sheet compares produce audits with FSMA's Produce Safety Rule inspections and discusses their impact on producer liability.
- [Produce Farms, Foodborne Illness, and Legal Liability](https://cafs.vermontlaw.edu/resource-library/produce-farms-foodborne-illness-and-legal-liability) - This fact sheet explains how FSMA adds nuance to producer liability, and how FSMA compliance can aid in defense during lawsuits.
- [Interactions Between The FSMA PSR and Other Laws that May Apply to Produce Operations](https://cafs.vermontlaw.edu/resource-library/interactions-between-the-fsma-psr-and-other-laws-that-may-apply-to-produce-operations) - This fact sheet covers four federal laws overlapping with FSMA's Produce Safety Rule: Clean Water Act, ADA, Fair Labor Standards Act, and OSHA guidelines.
- [FSMA PSR Implementation and State Laws](https://cafs.vermontlaw.edu/resource-library/fsma-psr-implementation-and-state-laws) - This factsheet summarizes each state's produce safety program, based on the Food Safety Modernization Act Produce Safety Rule State Implementation interactive map.
- [FSMA PSR Coverage and Exemptions for Farms with Multiple Business Entities](https://cafs.vermontlaw.edu/resource-library/fsma-psr-coverage-and-exemptions-for-farms-with-multiple-business-entities) - Explains how producers should determine if sales from multiple business entities count toward a farm’s exemption status under the Produce Safety Rule.
- [Alternatives and Variances to the Produce Safety Rule](https://cafs.vermontlaw.edu/resource-library/alternatives-and-variances-to-the-produce-safety-rule) - Learn about FSMA Produce Safety Rule alternatives, variances, eligibility, approval process, and the scientific evidence required for approval.
- [What's The Beef?](https://cafs.vermontlaw.edu/resource-library/whats-the-beef-debates-over-cell-cultured-meat)
- [What Is Local Food?](https://cafs.vermontlaw.edu/resource-library/what-is-local-food) - Explore how the term "local" is used in law and policy, with examples of definitions and values considered in the context of local food.
- [What Is "Healthy" Food?](https://cafs.vermontlaw.edu/resource-library/what-is-healthy-food) - Learn how the federal government regulates "healthy" on food labels and decodes health claims on packaging to support informed consumer choices.
- [Is “Organic” Humane?](https://cafs.vermontlaw.edu/resource-library/is-organic-humane) - This brief examines the push to include animal welfare standards in the National Organic Program, offering policy insights for advocates to inform consumers.
- [How Does the First Amendment Apply to Food and Supplement Labels?](https://cafs.vermontlaw.edu/resource-library/how-does-the-first-amendment-apply-to-food-and-supplement-labels) - Issue brief discussing how the First Amendment may prevent the federal government from restricting or compelling speech on food and dietary supplement labels.
- [Consumer’s Guide to Bioengineered Food Disclosures](https://cafs.vermontlaw.edu/resource-library/consumers-guide-to-bioengineered-food-disclosures) - The National Bioengineered Food Disclosure Standard explained; requiring food manufacturers and retailers to disclose whether foods are bioengineered.
- [What Rules Can a Market Make Regarding Speech?](https://cafs.vermontlaw.edu/resource-library/what-rules-can-a-market-make-regarding-speech) - This resource addresses farmers markets' questions on free speech, including restrictions on leafleting, political campaigning, and protesting under the First Amendment.
- [Employment Law FAQ for Vermont Farmers and Farm Workers Related to COVID-19](https://cafs.vermontlaw.edu/resource-library/employment-law-faq-for-vermont-farmers-and-farm-workers-related-to-covid-19) - This guide helps Vermont farmers and farmworkers with COVID-19 issues, including paid sick leave, small business exemptions, and unemployment benefits.

## Categories

- [Announcement](https://cafs.vermontlaw.edu/category/announcement)
- [News](https://cafs.vermontlaw.edu/category/news)
- [Webinar](https://cafs.vermontlaw.edu/category/webinar)
- [Spotlight](https://cafs.vermontlaw.edu/category/spotlight)

## Audiences

- [Community Organizations](https://cafs.vermontlaw.edu/audience/community-organizations)
- [Policymakers](https://cafs.vermontlaw.edu/audience/policymakers)
- [Researchers](https://cafs.vermontlaw.edu/audience/researchers)
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- [Technical Assistance Providers](https://cafs.vermontlaw.edu/audience/technical-assistance-providers)
- [Processors & Distributors](https://cafs.vermontlaw.edu/audience/processors-distributors)
- [Farmers Markets](https://cafs.vermontlaw.edu/audience/farmers-markets)
- [Attorneys](https://cafs.vermontlaw.edu/audience/attorneys)
- [Farmworkers](https://cafs.vermontlaw.edu/audience/farmworkers)
- [Farmers](https://cafs.vermontlaw.edu/audience/farmers)
- [Consumers](https://cafs.vermontlaw.edu/audience/consumers)
- [Gleaners](https://cafs.vermontlaw.edu/audience/gleaners)

## Languages

- [English](https://cafs.vermontlaw.edu/language/english)
- [Español](https://cafs.vermontlaw.edu/language/espanol)

## Topics

- [National Food Strategy](https://cafs.vermontlaw.edu/topic/national-food-strategy)
- [Farmworkers](https://cafs.vermontlaw.edu/topic/farmworkers)
- [Food Safety](https://cafs.vermontlaw.edu/topic/food-safety)
- [Other](https://cafs.vermontlaw.edu/topic/other)
- [Energy](https://cafs.vermontlaw.edu/topic/energy)
- [Farm Bill](https://cafs.vermontlaw.edu/topic/farm-bill)
- [Healthy Food Access](https://cafs.vermontlaw.edu/topic/healthy-food-access)
- [Institutional Procurement Policy](https://cafs.vermontlaw.edu/topic/institutional-procurement-policy)
- [Farmers Markets](https://cafs.vermontlaw.edu/topic/farmers-markets)
- [Business Practices](https://cafs.vermontlaw.edu/topic/business-practices)
- [Farmland Access](https://cafs.vermontlaw.edu/topic/farmland-access)
- [Heirs' Property](https://cafs.vermontlaw.edu/topic/heirs-property)
- [Resilience](https://cafs.vermontlaw.edu/topic/resilience)
- [Biodiversity](https://cafs.vermontlaw.edu/topic/biodiversity)
- [Urban Agriculture](https://cafs.vermontlaw.edu/topic/urban-agriculture)
- [Food Labels](https://cafs.vermontlaw.edu/topic/food-labels)
- [Gleaning](https://cafs.vermontlaw.edu/topic/gleaning)
- [Animal Agriculture](https://cafs.vermontlaw.edu/topic/animal-agriculture)
- [Seafood](https://cafs.vermontlaw.edu/topic/seafood)

## Types

- [Toolkit](https://cafs.vermontlaw.edu/resource-type/toolkit)
- [Report](https://cafs.vermontlaw.edu/resource-type/report)
- [Issue Brief](https://cafs.vermontlaw.edu/resource-type/issue-brief)
- [Guide](https://cafs.vermontlaw.edu/resource-type/guide)
- [Fact Sheet](https://cafs.vermontlaw.edu/resource-type/fact-sheet)
- [Executive Summary](https://cafs.vermontlaw.edu/resource-type/executive-summary)
- [Database](https://cafs.vermontlaw.edu/resource-type/database)
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- [Other](https://cafs.vermontlaw.edu/resource-type/other)